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Understanding and difference between logical isolation and physical isolation about Ethernet fiber optic transceivers

Nowadays, with the wide application of Ethernet, in many fields, such as electric power, banking, public security, military, railway, and private networks of large enterprises and institutions, there are extensive physical isolation Ethernet access requirements, but what is physical isolation Ethernet? What about the net? What is logically isolated Ethernet? How do we judge logical isolation versus physical isolation?
What is physical isolation:
The so-called "physical isolation" means that there is no mutual data interaction between two or more networks, and there is no contact at the physical layer/data link layer/IP layer. The purpose of physical isolation is to protect the hardware entities and communication links of each network from natural disasters, man-made sabotage and wiretapping attacks. For example, the physical isolation of the internal network and the public network can truly ensure that the internal information network is not attacked by hackers from the Internet.

What is logical isolation:
The logical isolator is also an isolation component between different networks. There are still data channel connections on the physical layer/data link layer at the isolated ends, but technical means are used to ensure that there are no data channels at the isolated ends, that is, logically. Isolation, the logical isolation of network optical transceivers/switches on the market is generally achieved by dividing VLAN (IEEE802.1Q) groups;

VLAN is equivalent to the broadcast domain of the second layer (data link layer) of the OSI reference model, which can control the broadcast storm within a VLAN. After dividing the VLAN, due to the reduction of the broadcast domain, the isolation of two different VLAN grouping network ports is realized. .

The following is a schematic diagram of the logical separation:

The above picture is a schematic diagram of a logically isolated 1 optical 4 electrical fiber optic transceiver: 4 Ethernet channels (100M or Gigabit) are similar to the 4 lanes of the highway, entering the tunnel, the tunnel is a single lane, and the tunnel exits Then there are 4 lanes, 1 optical and 4 electrical 100M logic isolation fiber optic transceivers, the optical port is also 100M, and the bandwidth is 100M, so the network data coming in from 4 channels of 100M should be arranged on the 100M fiber channel. When entering and exiting, line up and go out to their corresponding lanes; therefore, in this solution, network data is mixed in Fibre Channel and is not isolated at all;